The concept of the two-state solution for Palestine (i.e., an Arab Palestinian state and a Jewish state) predates the establishment of Israel on May 15, 1948. The “Balfour Declaration” of 1917, where the United Kingdom promised to “establish a national…
There is extensive debate and heated discussion about the best philosophy for managing international relations, particularly between countries that adopt what is called ethical politics and values-based rules, and those governed by realism and interests in assessing positions and policies.…
The term “major power” in the international relations dictionary usually refers to the United States and Russia (formerly the Soviet Union). However, with the beginning of the 21st century, China has started to challenge Russia for the second place in…
While approximately 240 million Americans are eligible to vote in this year’s U.S. elections, a relatively small number of people will ultimately decide who the next president of the United States will be due to the phenomenon known as “swing…
The tension has escalated between Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani and former Prime Minister and leader of the “State of Law” coalition, Nouri Al-Maliki. Many suggest that Al-Maliki is waging a “soft war” against Al-Sudani by intensifying pressure and…
On September 4, 2024, the three-day Ninth China-Africa Cooperation Forum kicked off. Chinese officials describe it as the largest diplomatic event hosted by Beijing in recent years, marking the first major gathering between Chinese and African leaders in Beijing since…
In this article, we explore the context surrounding the establishment of the West African Confederation between Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso, and the factors supporting its formation amidst the ongoing crises in the Sahel region. The key speaker assumed that…
Information has become increasingly crucial and decisive for the defense and security agencies of countries worldwide in achieving strategic and operational goals in areas of conflict, cooperation, and overall human and social interactions. The information environment is expected to undergo…
In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the use of deepfakes across various fields, including politics and global conflicts. Predictions indicate that this trend will escalate in the coming years. Deepfakes are a technology used to manipulate…
Historically, Russia has not been a primary source of human migration; rather, it has been a destination for European migration throughout the 19th century. This changed in the 20th century, with multiple waves of emigration beginning in 1918 and continuing…
The issue of “environmental protection” is not a new topic on the international stage. The first environmental agenda was introduced at the United Nations Conference in Stockholm in 1972. However, the development of global crises, such as the impacts of…
Eastern European countries, including Belarus, have become one of the key regions for Chinese movements in recent years. These countries offer significant political and economic opportunities, whether through enhancing their political presence—given that these countries serve as a gateway to…
